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PAN_Canal_ships.jpg (18836 bytes) Panama

The Panama Canal
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THE PANAMA CANAL (Dates for Canal transit below)

Ferdinand de Lesseps, builder of the Suez Canal, arrived in Panama in 1881, and decided to build a sea-level canal along the Chagres River and the Rio Grande. Work started in 1882. 0ne of the diggers in 1886 and 1887 was the painter Gauguin, aged 39. 30 km had been dug before the Company crashed in 1893, defeated by extravagance and tropical diseases (22,000 people died). Eventually Colombia (of which Panama was then a Department) authorized the Company to sell all its rights and properties to the United States, but the Colombian Senate rejected the treaty, and the inhabitants of Panama, encouraged by the States, declared their independence on 3 November 1903. The United States intervened and, in spite of protests by Colombia, recognized the new republic. Colombia did not accept the severance. Before beginning the task of building the Canal the United States performed one of the greatest sanitary operations in history: the clearance from the area of the more malignant tropical diseases. The name of William Crawford Gorgas will always be associated with this, as will that of George Washington Goethals with the actual building of the Canal. On 15 August 1914, the first passage was made, by the ship Ancon.

The former Canal Zone was a ribbon of territory under US control extending 8 km on either side of the Canal and including the cities of Cristohal and Balboa. The price paid by the United States Government to Panama for construction rights was US$10mn. The French company received US$40mn for its rights and properties. US$25mn were given to Colombia in compensation for the transfer of the French company’s rights. The total cost at completion was US$387mn. Panama long ago rejected the perpetuity clause of the original Canal Treaty. In April 1978 a new treaty was ratified and on I October 1979 the Canal Zone, now known officially as the Canal Area, was formally transferred to Panamanian sovereignty, including the ports of Cristobal and Balboa, the Canal dry docks and the trans-isthmus railway, but the US still retains extensive military base areas.

Until the final transfer of ownership in 2000 the Canal administration is in the hands of the Comision del Canal, on which Panama now has majority representation. The coordination of the process of handing over the Canal to Panama is managed by the Inter-Ocean Regional Authority (ARI). According to 1996 figures, about 13,700 ships pass through the Panama Canal annually, providing US$100mn.

As the crow flies the distance across the isthmus is 55 km. From shore to shore the Canal is 671/2 km, or 82 km (44.08 nautical miles) from deep water to deep water. It has been widened to 150m in most places. The trip normally takes 8 or 9 hrs for the 30 ships a day passing through. An odd fact is that the mean level of the Pacific is some 20 cm higher than the Atlantic, but the disparity is not constant throughout the year. On the Atlantic side there is a normal variation of 30 cm between high and low tides, and on the Pacific of about 380 cm, rising sometimes to 640 cm.

From the Pacific, the Canal channel goes beneath the Puente de las Americas and passes Balboa. The waterway has to rise 16 1/2m to the Lago Miraflores. The flrst stage of the process is the Miraflores Locks, 1 1/2 km before the lake. At the far end of the Lake, the Canal is raised again at the Pedro Migucl Locks, after which the 13 km Gaillard, or Culebra Cut is entered, a narrow rock defile leading to Lago Gatun. Opposite Miraflores Locks, there is a swing bridge.

Ocean to Ocean Panama Canal Transit (day tour)

2010

  • Jan 2 & 16
  • Feb 6 & 20
  • Mar 6 & 20
  • Apr 3 & 17
  • May 1 & 15
  • Jun 5 & 19
  • Jul 3 & 17
  • Aug 7 & 21
  • Sep 4 & 18
  • Oct2 & 16
  • Nov 6& 20
  • Dec 4 & 18

2011

  • Jan 1. 15 & 29
  • Feb 5, 12 & 19
  • Mar 5, 12 & 19
  • Apr 2 & 16
  • May 7 & 21
  • Jun 4 & 18
  • Jul 2 & 16
  • Aug 6 & 20
  • Sep 3 & 17
  • Oct 1 & 15
  • Nov 5 & 19
  • Dec 3 & 17
 

Panama Canal partial transit

  • Every Thursday and Friday in January, February and March.
  • Every Saturday all year long

NOTE:
Fridays & Saturdays: Southbound (approx 6 hours)
Thursdays: Northbound (approx 7-8 hours)

PANAMA CANAL TOURS:

OCEAN TO OCEAN PANAMA CANAL TRANSIT - 10 - 12 hrs:
(The duration of the full transit greatly depends on the ship traffic on the Panama Canal. Please be aware that in exceptional cases you might return to your hotel at night time)

On August 15, 1914 the SS Ancon made the first official ocean to ocean transit through the Panama Canal. This event, that soon proved to have changed the world forever, was possible thanks to the labor of more than 75,000 men and women who worked for 10 years facing unprecedented challenges. Since 1914, more than 900,000 vessels have transited through the waterway bringing commerce, cultures and people from all corners of the world closer together.

The Panama Canal tour starts with an early morning pick up at your hotel in Panama City for a short transfer to Flamenco Island, at the Causeway of Amador on the Pacific side of the canal. You will first sail under the bridge of the Americas, which raises over 100 meters above sea level and reunites the land divided during construction of the canal forming another link in the Pan-American Highway. Breakfast is served buffet style.

The Panama Canal is 80 kilometers long from deep waters in the Pacific Ocean to deep waters in the Caribbean Sea. It was cut through the lowest and one of the narrowest saddles of the long mountainous Isthmus that joins North and South America. The original elevation was 95 meters above sea level where it crosses the Continental Divide.

Northbound on the Panama Canal, the first stop is at Miraflores locks, which are the tallest in the locks system due to the extreme tidal variation of the Pacific Ocean. The boat will be raised 17 meters above sea level in two steps to enter Miraflores Lake which is almost 2 kilometers long. A transition from salt water in the Pacific Ocean to fresh water in the locks chambers and lake take place here.  Next the ship is raised in one step, this time an additional 9 meters, at the Pedro Miguel locks. At this point the ship will be sailing in Gatun lake at 26 meters above sea level and entering Gaillard Cut, the narrowest section of the Panama Canal. The 13.7-kilometer long portion of the waterway was carved through rock and shale and it is flanked by the backbones of the Continental Divide. The original width of Gaillard Cut was 92 meters and was increased to 152 meters in the early 1970s. In order to accommodate to the demands of today's transit needs, the Panama Canal Authority recently completed the monumental task of widening the Cut to 192 meters in straight sections and up to 222 meters in curves.

This allows for unrestricted two-way traffic of Panamax vessels, the largest ships that fit in the Panama Canal locks. Gaillard Cut opens up into Gatun Lake where the Chagres River flows into the waterway near the town of Gamboa, site of the Panama Canal's Dredging Division. The Chagres River has the distinction of being the only river in the world that flows into two oceans and it is the main source of fresh water which guarantees the operation of the waterway.

Lunch is served buffet style, while enjoying views of the giant cranes and dredging equipment near Gamboa, ships traveling southbound carrying cargo or passengers and the islands that dot Gatun Lake.

Half way through the voyage in Gatun Lake you will pass by Barro Colorado Island where the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute has been carrying out research on rainforest biodiversity since soon after this area was flooded and the lake was formed. Gatun Lake covers an area of 423 square kilometers and the islands in it are actually the tops of hills and mountains that were not flooded. Gatun Lake was once the largest man-made lake in the world. Just before reaching the Gatun locks on the Caribbean side of the Panama Canal you will see Gatun Dam. The locks at Gatun will lower the ship 26 meters to sea level in three steps and the ship will continue along a channel to the Port of Cristobal. You will disembark in Cristobal and board a coach bus that will take you back to Flamenco Island on a 1:30-hour comfortable ride. At Flamenco Island, your Ancon Expeditions of Panama driver will be waiting to take you back to your hotel.

Included:

What to bring::

PARTIAL TRANSIT
(The duration of the full transit greatly depends on the ship traffic on the Panama Canal. Please be aware that in exceptional cases you might return to your hotel at night time)

NORTHBOUND DESCRIPTION: 
The Panama Canal partial tour starts with an early morning pick up at your hotel in Panama City** for a 15 minute drive to the Port of Balboa in the Pacific side of the canal, where you board a comfortable passenger ferry. You will first sail under the bridge of the Americas, which raises over 100 meters above sea level and reunites the land divided during construction of the canal forming another link in the Pan-American Highway.

Northbound on the Panama Canal, the first stop is at Miraflores locks, which are the tallest in the locks system due to the extreme tidal variation of the Pacific Ocean. The boat will be raised 17 meters above sea level in two steps to enter Miraflores Lake which is almost 2 kilometers long. A transition from salt water in the Pacific Ocean to fresh water in the locks chambers and lake take place here. Next the ship is raised in one step, this time an additional 9 meters, at the Pedro Miguel locks. At this point the ship will be sailing in Gatun lake at 26 meters above sea level and entering Gaillard Cut, the narrowest section of the Panama Canal. The 13.7-kilometer long portion of the waterway was carved through rock and shale and it is flanked by the backbones of the Continental Divide. The original width of Gaillard Cut was 92 meters and was increased to 152 meters in the early 1970s. In order to accommodate to the demands of today's transit needs, the Panama Canal Authority recently completed the monumental task of widening the Cut to 192 meters in straight sections and up to 222 meters in curves. This allows for unrestricted two-way traffic of Panamax vessels, the largest ships that fit in the Panama Canal locks.  The Gaillard Cut opens up into Gatun Lake where the Chagres River flows into the waterway near the town of Gamboa, site of the Panama Canal's Dredging Division, where we disembark.  From there, you will be transferred to Balboa where our Ancon Expeditions of Panama driver will be waiting to take you back to your hotel.

SOUTHBOUND DESCRIPTION:
This morning you will be picked up at your hotel for a short transfer to the Amador Marina. From there you will take a 40 minute coach bus ride to the town of Gamboa, site of the Panama Canal's Dredging Division, where you board a comfortable passenger ferry. At this point the boat will be sailing in Gatun Lake at 26 meters above sea level which is part of the Gaillard Cut, the narrowest section of the Panama Canal. The 13.7-kilometer long portion of the waterway was carved through rock and shale and it is flanked by the backbones of the Continental Divide.  The original width of Gaillard Cut was 92 meters and was increased to 152 meters in the early 1970s. In order to accommodate to the demands of today's transit needs, the Panama Canal Authority recently completed the monumental task of widening the Cut to 192 meters in straight sections and up to 222 meters in curves. This allows for unrestricted two-way traffic of Panamax vessels, the largest ships that fit in the Panama Canal locks. Southbound on the Panama Canal the first lock set that you pass today are Pedro Miguel locks, where the ship is lowered 9 meters. While enjoying your lunch on board, you will pass through Miraflores Locks, which are the tallest in the locks system due to the extreme tidal variation of the Pacific Ocean. In two steps, the boat will be lowered from 17 meters above sea level to sea level in the almost 2 kilometer long lock set. Here, a transition from fresh water in the lake and lock chambers to salt water in the Pacific Ocean takes place. Before leaving the Panama Canal and entering the Pacific Ocean you will sail under the bridge of the Americas, which raises over 100 meters above sea level and reunites the land divided during construction of the canal forming another link in the Pan-American Highway. You will disembark the ferry at the Port of Balboa at Causeway Amador, from where you will be transferred back to your hotel.

Included:

What to bring::